Biology Essay 11

Compare and contrast the ways that fungi “eat” with the ways that animals digest, and absorb their food. Do not refer to hunting or methods of catching prey. Instead, focus on what the animal and/or fungal body does after it has secured a food source.

Fungi are most definitely alive, but not in the way you would normally think of, you wouldn’t think of fungi as an animal that can move around freely, and use all of the traditional senses that animals have. Even though fungi are not animals they are more closely related to an animal because their behavior is so different to a plant. They are like a plant but they do not photosynthesize instead they draw energy from their surroundings, but unlike animals do not ingest their food. They find something that they can eat and they start to absorb it because their digestive system is on the outside. They don’t have mouths or any organs so they cannot eat in the way an animal eats, but they are most commonly found in some form of mold. Animals on the other hand ingest food by taking through their mouth it then goes through their stomach when special enzymes break down the food, and then discards it in a form of waste once it has passed through their intestines.

History Western Civilization Essay 22

What was the Great Schism? What factors brought it on?

The Great Schism was the division of the Eastern and Western churches. There were many differences between the East and West, the first one is they spoke different languages the East spoke in Greek, while the West spoke Latin. They also worshiped in different ways, if someone visiting from the East went to a worship service in the West they would have a hard time following the service and vice-versa. When Constantinople decided that because they were the “New Rome” they deserved to have more political power, while Rome argued because the Apostle Peter founded the church in Rome and had died there, so they had more reason to be held in a higher regard. This was when the Schism really began to take place, in reality both sides just wanted more authority and to be held in a higher regard than the other. The Great Schism actually happened when St. Photius who was from the East excommunicated some of the pope of the West, while at first people did not think much of it but afterwards they saw the effects of the excommunication and both sides began to dislike each other. After a while they began to grow so aggressive towards each other that the West closed off to the East and have been separated sense then.

How was Philip II Augustus significant in French history?

After the last heir of the Carolingian family had died a new family took reign over the French royal line and they were the Capetian family. The Vikings had been invading France and while people were seeking to find shelter away from the king, the people who they were running to were becoming powerful and strong and exercising power that belonged to the King. So after a while the Kings started to take back the power that the Carolingian’s had lost, but had always failed to really take back. Phillip was able to do what his ancestors could not do and very slowly took back the land by taking fiefs whose master had died, or had masters who were not qualified to look after the land. Phillip had made France into one of the most powerful countries in Europe and secured that safety when he took back Angivin Empire from the English.

What are the sacraments?

A sacrament is a spiritual ritual done for your spirit and personal meaning. There are many sacraments and these include Baptism, coming together for the last supper which is communion, blessing the sick, marriage, and penance which is taking a punishment for your sins.

Western Literature Essay 22

“Compare Paul’s concept of God’s sovereignty with Justin’s concept of God’s sovereignty.

Paul and Justin had very different views on God’s sovereignty, they both believed in the same God but Paul believed that God had already chosen the people who would go to heaven and hell, while Justin did not believe in predestination. The question between the two of them is, “How much power does God have, and how much power does he afflict on us?”

Justin believed that God had all the power over everything, but that he afflicted only some power on us, because he believes in free will. He argued that if God had already chosen the people to be put in heaven and hell then that element of free will would be gone. If free will was gone then the actions that everyone was doing would not be their own actions, but rather they would be like puppets and not accountable for their actions because they had already been destined to happen. He says that humans most certainly have free will and we can choose to do good and evil so that means that predestination cannot be real.

Paul did believe in predestination, He said that because God was in control of everything and does hold our futures he has picked out the people who will go to heaven and hell, because he is God and can do whatever he wants with us. I think he was very convinced of this because of his own life and testimony. Paul started as a persecutor of Christians but then believed in the very thing he wanted to kill, and was willing to die for it. That probably convinced him because if God did not want him to change he did not have to, but God did confronted him and his life was changed because of that.

I think that they are both right Justin is right because we do have free will and God does allow us to do what we want. Paul is right because God has chosen the people who will be in heaven and hell, but not because God has taken our free will away from us it is because we have free will that some will be in heaven and hell. If God did not give us free will he would make all of us believe in him because he wants all of us to be with him. God gave us free will because he did not want to enslave us to do whatever he wants, God has chosen the people not because of what he wants them to do, but because of what they are going to do and how they chose to live their lives.

History Western Civilization Essay 21

What were the problems besetting the Church in the tenth and eleventh centuries? What was “moderate reform”?

In the tenth and eleventh centuries the Lords and Kings were taking control over the churches, because the way that these people would keep power was appointing bishops in the churches so that the bishops could do their bidding giving them more control over the people. The churches were not very thrilled about this because soon all of the churches were infested with bishops that would not conform to the traditions of the saints before them, which caused the people to stop showing respect to the traditional way. This went on for around one hundred years and people had finally just accepted it as tradition that the Lords and Kings had complete power over everyone who was in the church. It had been accepted so much that when a pope who was against the Lords picking the church officials, had his tongue and eyes cut out when he proposed that they go against the Lords and Kings. Moderate Reform was when someone finally decided to go against the ways of the Lords and choose their own popes and bishops. It took a while for it to get some traction, but it finally after a while got some more people involved in getting rid of the so called “bishops”.

Describe the events that took place during the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV. What was at stake?

Pope Gregory VII was a pope who helped get rid of the politicians in the church, and helped the church get her freedom back. After a while people stopped obeying the orders of the kings and Henry IV was not very happy about this as he was king at the time and was confused as to why no one was obeying his commands. Henry went to go to the church where Pope Gregory told him we are not going to obey your commands. Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry from the church and after a while Pope Gregory brought him back into the church when Henry proved himself by staying outside of the church for three days and nights in the snow. After about three years he was excommunicated again, but this time Henry had built up alliances with other Lords. This resulted in Pope Gregory and many other church officials to be exiled out of Rome.

What was Christendom?

In the west during the mid-evil times the church was held in high regard by the people and by this time the church held a lot more power. It was so popular that, that particular part of the country was called Christendom because the church had so much power. It was believed that because the church had spiritual power the popes could also take the power away from anyone and excommunicate them from the church. They were however peaceful and helped when two opposing powers would have conflicts.

Western Literature Essay 21

“Compare the ethical behavior of Zeus with the ethical teaching of Jesus.”

Zeus is thought to be a Greek god and more commonly known as the god of thunder. From what I have learned and studied about him he was portrayed as a human, he had bad desires, looked out only for himself and only thought of himself. While he was very much like a human he was a very strong and powerful human who could control thunder and could play with the humans living on earth while he lived in Olympus with many of the other gods. He was very controlling and while he was the king of the gods he did not handle that given power very well. He was very bossy and because he was the king he did whatever he wanted without a thought of the effects of the people around him. There would be wars between the gods and many times the humans would die because of this, it was not just Zeus all of the gods used the humans as their puppets so that they could achieve whatever they thought needed to be done for them.

Jesus is very different from the Greek gods, Jesus taught that there was one God and that you should love him no matter what happens, we need to follow Jesus’s example of how he lived and try our best to live in that way. Although there is so much more that I will get into that is the overall view of Christianity. You are to love your enemies just as you love your friends and yourself, you should care about all of the people around you. The sick, widowed, orphaned, poor, hurt and broken people. We are to come as one because in Christ we all are one, who act as God needs us to because we are all given a different task for life. In the Epistles from first and second Peter and James, we are to watch our tongues, be kind to everyone, not to treat the rich differently from the poor, watch for the greed of wealth, live in the example as Christ lived so that we can be a example to others.

All of the Greek gods thought of themselves and only of themselves, even if they helped someone if was for their own gain. Because of this the Greek people followed in their examples that they had made up, because they are human and what other ways do we know other than war and violence. Jesus taught to love others and in some cases to not worry about yourself because God is in control. there is a difference between being used as puppets and letting God take control. In many of the Greek stories the gods wanted something, they used a human to get it, and because of this the human suffered. While God truly takes care of us, loves us, and wants what is best for us. We know this because he gives us a choice to follow him or not to, and that is the difference between these two religious groups. God wants us to follow him, but he always gives us a choice.

Biology Essay 10

“Soil is just dirt to hold the plant up.” Would you agree or disagree with this statement?

I would disagree with that statement because not only is soil there to give support to the plant it also provides the plant with nutrients that help the plant survive. Soil is full of things such as: Minerals, acids, organisms, worms, insects, and dead plants that have broken down and have given the soil back the nutrients it took while it was alive. There are many organisms that live in the soil to help keep the soil full of minerals and acids that can be good for the plant, and also insects that keep the soil from clumping up such as a big chunk of clay and break down these large clumps. The soil also holds in water from when it rains, so the roots of the plant can soak up the water and minerals that came from the soil keeping the plant alive. Soil is a vital part of the plants survival and holds up the plant, while also feeding it and keeping it alive.

History Western Civilization Essay 20

Describe the ninth- and tenth-century invasions. Apart from the physical destruction involved, how did they affect life in the West?

There were three main groups of raiders who were invading France and Germany during the ninth and mid-tenth century, and the first group were called the Normans there were the Magyars and the Arabian Muslims. They plundered France and during this time they would destroy and take whatever they could get their hands on. The kings were weak and did not have much power, this resulted in there being no army to defend themselves. The Vikings also were incredibly skilled at making ships which gave them an advantage that the French did not. After the king Charles the simple made a treaty with the Normans and gave them a part of his land it became known as Normandy and the raiding stopped.

Describe feudalism and manorialism.

During the time of the Vikings invading France and Germany the king could not protect his people so there was a system set up for there to be some protection. If there was a man that held a good amount of property and could not tend to it on his own, he would have people come and take care of it in exchange for safety and some of the produce of the land. This was manorialism. These men would also bring in widows and orphans and the poor. Then if there was a need for protection the owner would give a man a part of his property to practice being a knight in exchange for protection against the Vikings if they ever tried to plunder. This was called feudalism.

Western Literature Essay 20

“How were adoption and inheritance related in Paul’s thought?”

Paul was a leader in the church of Christ and wrote many epistles to different church’s and wrote them for the public as well. As for adoption and inheritance he does not mean them in the traditional sense, he is talking about the kingdom of God and who can be a part of it and who can inherit it.

Adopting the Christian faith started with many Jews turned to Christians and would only preach about this faith to other Jews, even though many of them turned their backs on these Christians and thought they were spoiling the name of the Jews by being associated with the name of Jesus. These Christians were Christians, but thought that the news of Jesus was only for the Jews and not for the whole world. This of course was and is not true. The news of Jesus is for everyone, Paul knew this and wrote some texts saying that Jesus was for everyone and he preached to the Gentiles more than he did to the Jews.

The same Christians who thought that Jesus was only for the Jews also believed that because they were the chosen people of God, only they would inherit the kingdom of God. Paul again knew that this was not true. He said that everyone who believes in God is a child of God and will inherit a part of his kingdom.

My conclusion: These two are very similar the difference is that the adoption of the faith was something that some believed was only for the Jews, and the inheritance was something that they knew would happen after death. Even then some thought that even if you were a Gentile and had adopted the faith of Jesus, you would still not get the inheritance of God. Paul knew that it was wrong and called it to attention that it does not matter who you are, where you come from, where you have been, or what you have done you ca be a child of God and will inherit a part of his kingdom.

History Western Civilization Essay 19

What do you learn about Islam from the Koran selections you read?

Muhammad was the founder of the Islam religion and the community of Muslims very strongly believed that there was only one God, Allah. They made it very clear that only Allah was to be worshiped, and they believed that Muhammad was the prophet of Allah and that Muhammad was given a book of rules by the angel Gabriel. Some of these rules include you must pray five times a day, fast during Ramadan, you must be a part of almsgiving, and you must give to charities. When Muhammad was first preaching in Mecca he was driven out and he traveled to Medina where he was welcomed and they accepted the faith of Muhammad. Medina proceeded to go to war against Mecca and raided their villages and caves.

What kind of person emerges from the Procopius portrayal of Justinian?

Justinian wanted to take back all of the taken cites of Rome and restore it to be exactly like it had been while it was thriving. This meant that he would have to take back Africa, Italy, Spain, Britain, and Gaul to restore Rome to its former glory. Procopius was a writer and he had two very different images of Justinian. The first one was that he praised Justinian as a great architect and builder, the second one is that he does not know how to rule well and he is a very greedy person who only wants to do what he wants for Rome as his personal gain. Really Procopius had a lot of resentment towards Justinian and did not believe that he was a good ruler.

Western Literature Essay 19

“Why were the Sadducees and the Apostles unable to find a way to reconcile their rival opinions?”

The Apostles were the twelve followers of Jesus minus Judas, and they kept preaching about Jesus and God after Jesus had ascended into the heavens. They all separated and went on to go teach different parts of the world about Jesus, all but one of the disciples were martyrs.

The Sadducees were a religious group of people similar to the Pharisees and were also in on the death of Jesus so they did not like the disciples either as they were carrying on his name. They did not like the new doctrine Christianity because it went away from all of the traditional views of religion. Instead of focusing on following laws and being obsessed with the doctrine, Christianity was about being right with God and bringing others to Christ. The Sadducees went as far as to stone one of the followers of Christ because they were rebuking the ways of the Pharisees and Sadducees. They killed a young man named Stephan, and almost were successful in killing Paul and John but an angel was sent by God to save them.

The Apostles did not want to fight the Sadducees but they were ready to dispute people if needed. The Pharisees and Sadducees would not listen to the Apostles and were set on the old ways of the church, they were both very headstrong groups of people and that is why they did not reconcile.